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정상화

정상화는 한국 단색화의 거장이다. 1932년 경북 영덕 출생으로 서울대학교에서 서양화를 전공한 후 67년 일본을 거쳐 77년 파리로 이주하였다. 시각적인 요소를 최대한 축소하고 재료의 물성을 통해 철학적 성찰에 다가가는 그의 예술은 서구의 미니멀리즘을 수용하면서도 물성과 정신성이 하나가 된 생성적 공간으로 독특한 동양적 정서를 보여주고 있다.

정상화의 작품은 ‘뜯어내기’와 ‘메우기’로 창조되는데 그 과정은 다음과 같다. 먼저 약 3-4mm 두께로 고령토와 접착제를 섞은 징크 물감을 캔버스에 초벌로 칠한 후, 완전하게 마르면 캔버스를 가로세로로 접어가면서 바둑판무늬의 균열을 만들고, 선택한 부분의 물감을 하나씩 떼어낸다. 그 자리에 다시 아크릴 물감을 몇 겹으로 채워 넣어 스며들거나 뭉치게 하며 이 과정을 수없이 반복한다. 각기 다른 물감의 누적은 화면에 불규칙한 형태의 굴곡을 준다. 화면은 비어있으면서도 동시에 꽉 차있다. 결국, 그의 모노톤은 단순성을 지향하는 것이 아니라 오히려 단색이 가질 수 있는 다양성을 보여준다.
철저한 계산과 고도의 수행성을 요구하는 그의 작업은 일관성 있게 몇 겹씩 쌓아야만 완성되는 반복적인 제작과정을 중요시한다. 작업의 행위 자체가 작품의 의미다. 정상화의 작업은 현대인의 반복적인 삶과 그 너머의 근원적이고 철학적인 의미를 찾아 나가고자 하는 노력이며, 그의 화면은 무기적인 평면이 아니라 숨 쉬는 자료, 유기적인 표면이다. 
정상화의 작품은 구겐하임미술관, 후쿠오카 미술관, 동경도 현대 미술관, 구겐하임미술관, 국립현대미술관, 리움 미술관 등 국내외 주요 미술관이 소장하고 있다.
 

 

Biography

 

1932        Born in Yeongdeok, Korea

1956        B.F.A., Graduated from Seoul National University (Fine Art), Korea

1964-68   Lived and worked in France, Paris

1969-76   Lived and worked in Japan, Kobe

1977-92   Lived and worked in Paris, France

 

Currently lives and works in Korea

 

Selected Solo Exhibitions

2014     GALLERY HYUNDAI, Seoul

2013     CHUNG SANG-HWA: on TIME and LABOUR, Wooson Gallery, Daegu, Korea 

2011      Musée d’art Moderne de Saint-Étienne Métropole, Saint-Étienne, France

2008      Galerie Jean Fournier, Paris

2007      Hakgojae Gallery, Seoul

1998      Won Gallery, Seoul

1994      Kasahara Gallery, Osaka, Japan

1992      Shirota Gallery, Tokyo

1991      Ueda Gallery, Tokyo

1990      Kasahara Gallery, Osaka, Japan

1989      Dorothea Van Der Koelen Gallery, Mainz, Germany

1988      Motomachi Gallery, Kobe, Japan

1986      Ueda Gallery, Tokyo

1984      Motomachi Gallery, Kobe, Japan

1983      Gallery HYUNDAI, Seoul

              Ueda Gallery, Tokyo, Japan

1982      Korean Culture Institute, Paris

1981      Gallery Object, Wuppertal, Germany

1980      West Germany Bergheim Culture Institute, Bergheim, Germany

              Motomachi Gallery, Kobe, Japan

              Jean Gallery, Seoul

1977      Motomachi Gallery, Kobe, Japan

              Coco Gallery, Kyoto, Japan

1976      Muramatsu Gallery, Tokyo

              Shinanobashi Gallery, Osaka, Japan

1973      Muramatsu Gallery, Tokyo

              Shinanobashi Gallery, Osaka, Japan

1972      Mudo Gallery, Tokyo

1971      Motomachi Gallery, Kobe, Japan

1969      Shinanobashi Gallery, Osaka, Japan

1968      Jean-Camion Gallery, Paris

1967      Newspaper Institute, Seoul

1962      Central Report Institute, Seoul

 

Selected Group Exhibitions

2017     Looking into Korea Art, Part 2: Dansawkhwa, Museum SAN, Wonju, Korea

2016     AFTER DRAWING, GALLERY HYUNDAI, Seoul

             HA Jung-woong Collection, Art of Prayers 'Silent Echo', Daejeon Museum of Art, Daejeon, Korea

2015     The 70th Anniversary of Independence Special Exhibition of Korean Modern Art "Companionship Between 

             Art and History, The Rendezvous of the Century of the Masters", Daejeon Museum of Art, Daejeon, Korea

             MMCA Collection Highlights: Untitled, National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Gwacheon,

             Korea

             Dansekhwa, Collateral Event of the 56th International Art Exhibition - Venice Biennale, Palazzo Contarini 

             Polignac, Venice, Italy 

2014     Unconstraint Creation, Hakgojae Gallery, Shanghai, China

             From All Sides: Dansaekhwa on Abstraction, Blum&Poe, Los Angeles, USA

             The Art of Dansaekhwa, Kukje Gallery, Seoul

             Beyound and Between, Leeum, Seoul

2012     Korea Monochrome Painting, The National Museum of Contemporary Art, Gwacheon, Korea

             Mysterious Art Works, Shiga Museum of Modern Art, Otsu, Japan

             Two Modernisms, Gwangju Museum of Art, Gwangju

2011     Monochromatic Painting, Gonggan Purple, Paju, Korea

             A Brushstroke, Hakgojae Gallery, Seoul

             Qui is Full, Daegu art Museum, Daegu, Korea

             Korean Modern Masters, Gallery HYUNDAI, Seoul

2010     In the Midst of the Korean Contemporary Art, Gallery HYUNDAI

2009     A Look at Contemporary Art, Art Sonje Museum, Gyeongju, Korea

2008     Voyage Sentimetal, Mediations Biennale, Poznan, Poland

             Korean Abstract Art 1958-2008, Seoul Museum of Art, Seoul

             Yamaguchi Makio & Chung Sang-Hwa, Gallery Kai, Kobe, Japan

2007     Void - in Korean Art, Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art, Seoul

             Poetry in Motion, Galerie Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland

2005     Korean Contemporary Art Exhibition, Busan Museum of Modern Art, Busan, Korea

             The 35th Anniversary Exhibition Part 2, Gallery HYUNDAI, Seoul

2004     Why not live for Art? Tokyo Opera City Art Gallery, Tokyo, Japan

             Korea’s Two-dimensional Painting Yesterday and Today, Seoul Museum of Art, Seoul

             Four Monochromes and multicolored Painting, Gyeongnam Art Museum, Changwon, Korea

2002     Understanding Abstract Arts, Sungkok Art Museum, Seoul

2000     The Source of Contemporary Korean Art, National Museum of Contemporary Art Seoul, Seoul

             The 3rd Biennale of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea

             Post-War Abstract Painting, HO-AM Art Museum, Seoul

1998     Korean Monochromes: Methods, Ideas and Spirits, Busan Museum of Modern Art, Busan, Korea

1997     The 5th NICAF TOKYO 97, Tokyo

1996     Korean Abstract Painting Spirit Exhibition, HO-AM Art Museum, Seoul

             Joongang Biennale, Seoul Museum of Art, Seoul

1992     Korean Contemporary Art Traveling Exhibition, included Shimonoseki Museum of Art, Japan

1991     Korean Contemporary Art Invitation, Art Sonje Museum, Gyeongju, Korea

             Contemporary Korean Painting, The National Museum of Modern Art, Gwacheon, Korea

             Korean Contemporary Painting Circulation Exhibition, Yugoslavia

1989     Art Cologne, Cologne, Germany

             Art Basel, Basel, Switzerland

             Art Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

1988     Ecole de Seoul, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul

             Korean Modern Painting in the 70's, Walker Hill Art Center, Seoul

             Exhibition of Contemporary Art, Chosun Daily News Gallery, Seoul

             The 24th Seoul Olympic International Contemporary Art Fair, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul 

1987     Art Chicago, Chicago, U.S.A

             Osaka Contemporary Art Fair ’87, Contemporary Art Center, Osaka, Japan

1986     Black and White in Art Today, Museum of Modern Art, Saitama, Japan

             Seoul&Paris, Paris National Art Centre, Seoul; Paris

             Paper+Pencil, Drawing of 13 Artists, Soo Gallery, Seoul

1985     Contemporary 13 Artists, Paris, France

1984     Four Contemporary Artists Exhibition, Espace Bateau Lavoir, Paris

             Contemporary Art Festival, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul

             Korean Contemporary Art of the 60’s: The Outskirts of Informal, Walkerhill Art Center, Seoul

             The Exhibition of White Painting, Cultural Center of France in Seoul, Seoul

             Korean Contemporary Art of the 60's, Duson Gallery, Seoul

1983     Korean Contemporary Art Exhibition, Tokyo City Museum, Tokyo

             Osaka Contemporary Art Fair, Contemporary Art Center, Osaka, Japan

1982     Korean Artists Working Abroad, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul

             Work on Paper, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul; National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, 

             Japan

             Comparaison, Grand Palais Museum, Paris

1981     Korean Drawing Now, Brooklyn Museum, New York

             Korean Artists Staying in France, Korean Culture Center, Paris

             Work on Paper, Art Co-od Gallery, Los Angeles, U.S.A

             Contemporary Korean Artists, Kyoto Museum, Kyoto, Japan

1980     Galerie N.R.A, Paris

             Galerie Alain Oudin, Paris

             The 12th Cagnes International Painting Festival, Cagnes-Sur-Mer, France

             Salon des Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui, Grand Palais Museum, Paris

             Asian Contemporary Fine Art Exhibition, Fukuoka City Museum, Fukuoka, Japan

1979     Salon des Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui, Grand Palais Museum, Paris

             Ecole de Seoul, Kwan-Hoon Gallery, Seoul

             Work on Paper, Jean Art Gallery, Seoul

1978     New York Art EXPO, New York

             Korean 20 Years Movement, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul

1977     Korean Contemporary Artists, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul

             The 5th Han-Setouchi Contemporary Art Exhibition, Okayama Culture Center, Okayama, Japan

1976     13 Contemporary Artists, Kobe Sanchika Town, Kobe, Japan

1975     The 4th Han-Setouchi Contemporary Art Exhibition, Okayama Culture Center, Okayama, Japan

             Korea·Japan ART NOW, Hyogo-Prefecture Modern Museum, Kobe, Japan

1973     The 12th Biennale de Sao-Paulo, Sao-Paulo

             The 3rd Hyogo Prefecture Art Festival, Hyogo-Prefecture Modern Museum, Kobe, Japan

1972     The 2nd Hyogo Prefecture Art Festival, Hyogo-Prefecture Modern Museum, Kobe, Japan

1967     The 10th Biennale de Sao-Paulo, Sao-Paulo

1966     Contemporary Artists from 6 Far Eastern Countries, Macy’s Department Store, New York, USA

1965     The 4th Biennale de Paris, Paris

1963     Contemporary Four Young Korean Artists, Galerie Lamber, Paris

             International Invitational World Culture Conference Exhibition, Seoul

1962-64   Exhibition of Group 'Actuel’, Seoul

1958-66   Contemporary Korean Artists, Chosun Newspaper, Seoul

1958-61   Contemporary Artists Exhibition, Seoul

 

Public Collections

Guggenheim Museum, New York, USA

Musée d’art Modern de Saint-Étienne Métropole, Saint-Étienne, France

National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul

Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art, Seoul

Busan Museum of Modern Art, Seoul

Gwangju Museum of Art, Gwangju, Korea

Museum of Art Seoul National University, Seoul

Gyeongnam Art Museum, Changwon, Korea

Hansol Museum, Wonju, Korea

Le-young Contemporary Art Museum, Seoul

Gyeonggido Museum of Art, Ansan, Korea

Art Center NABI (Walkerhill Museum) , Seoul

Ehime Prefectural-Tamagawa Modern Art Museum, Ehime, Japan

Fukuoka Asian Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan

FUJI XEROX Collection, Tokyo, Japan

Ohara Museum of Art, Okayama, Japan

Shimonoseki City Art Museum, Shimonoseki, Japan

Sizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, Sizuoka, Japan

Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Takamatsu City Museum of Art, Kagawa, Japan

Tokyo Operacity Art Gallery, Tokyo, Japan

Tokyo Bunkamura, Tokyo, Japan

 

 

 

 

Artworks
무제

1978

종이에 프로타쥬

99 x 60 cm

무제

1978

종이에 프로타

99 x 60 cm

무제

1978

종이에 프로타주

99 x 69 cm

무제

1978

종이에 프로타주

99 x 60 cm

무제

1987

종이에 콜라주

80 x 55 cm

무제 A

1982

캔버스에 아크릴릭, 나무에 콜라주

65 x 50 cm

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